Essay --

Economic Principles Some of the most heated debates in macroeconomics in recent years have been concerned with the causes and consequences of pompousness, the relationship between inflation and unemployment, and appropriate policy responses. puffiness and Unemployment in the AS-AD Model Inflation may be define, for our purposes, as the proportionable increase in the outlay level per period of time. Another way of looking at inflation would be to point out that as the price level rises the true value of a given nominative amount of coin falls, so that is to say that as the price level rises $1 will get fewer and fewer goods. Thus, inflation might, alternatively, be defined as the proportionate decline in the purchasing power of a given nominal amount of money. In this sense, inflation is a monetary phenomenon. Therefore, Laidler and Parkin argue that its grandness stems from the pervasive role played by money in a modern economy. Friedman goes further than this and argues t hat inflation is always and everywhere a monetary phenomenon and can be produced only by a more than rapid increase in the quantity of money than in output. He clearly has views not only on what inflation is, but likewise on what causes it. By no means all economists agree with Friedman on the causes of inflation, and it is such issues, which are the focus of untold of this chapter. There is also much disagreement a spell the consequences of inflation. Most would agree that a short bout of inflation, or a persistent but well-predicted one, would not be as harmful as a persistent and unpredictable bout of inflation. so far for the latter case there are those who argue that the consequences are not that serious, while others argue that unpredictable inflation distorts the mec... ...lated by discounting the income, but to the unchangeable magnitudes. To take the extreme case as illustration Wn is wealth feature by an individual during his whole life and Yn is the average (perma nent) lifetime income. This young definition of terms is closely connected to Friedmans research on the consumption function4, and it is very significant to his theory. Friedman applies his concept of permanent income to the theory of money demand, too. Permanent income is the return on a rather widely defined stock of nominal wealth. The latter consists of Money a means of payment with a constant face value that does not yield rice beer Bonds interest bearing securities with a constant face value Equalities claims on the profits of a firm Physical goods and Human capital. Hence, Ln = f (P, rB, rE, P/ P, Yn p/r) (+) (-) (-) (-) (+)