Three Questions Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

trey Questions - Case Study ExampleAs the paper stresses there are certain HR. principles that have materialized into strategical practices at the organization. One of them is the principle of training human resources continuously to save on financial resources of the firm. This principle has been implemented as a strategy in that the firm sends various heads of departments to benchmark or dish up training conferences with discussions for instance, about improved methods of technical and scientific revolution. The firm also employs the services of a family psychologist to assist employees cope with their different stressing issues.From this case study it is clear that in line with the principle of employee motivation, specialisation and establishment of remuneration according to the weight or intensity of work coupled with qualitative and numerical performance, the firm ensures that hardworking employees are acknowledged and rewarded. For instance, the firm has a policy of rec ognizing the employee of the month. This is usually the worker who has successfully completed most projects and has done them well. The corporation has also made an effort to provide its workers with health insurance policy coverage in case of any medical emergencies that they and/or their families may encounter. This is in accordance to the unfathomed principle of human resource management or labour protection if employees are faced with the essay of accidents or illnesses in the line of work.

Why Racism Should Not Occur Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Why Racism Should Not Occur - bear witness ExampleAmerican people throughout the history of the nations slavery marks the mendicancy of the racial prejudice and discrimination that presented the blacks and the other minority groups, especially the immigrant minorities, as inferior (Tiffany Gee & Takeuchi, 2008). Thus, collectable to the social status, they held during the period of American colonization as slaves, the prejudice, stereotyping and color bigotry has continued to rule the hear of many, resulting to the persistent increase in the reported cases of racial hate incidences throughout the country. On the other hand, collect to the identity that such minority groups have been given as inferior throughout the history, they have to a fault turned against the dominant groups, by discriminating and prejudicing against them as well (Kivel, 1996). However, the most disturbing thing slightly racism is that it does not appear to be perpetrated by individuals alone, but also the media that is a very powerful tool in the society. The media has been seen to contribute to racism through biased reporting in relation to the preponderance of risque crime rates in the minority groups as opposed to the dominant groups (Banton, 1988). This has resulted in distressed social construction, with the minority groups, most especially the African Americans being stereotyped as crime-prone than the rest of the communities. The regard of this is that such minority groups have in turn adapted crime as the tool for revenge against the marginalization. One can be forgiven for asking the question where does racism happen? The answer to this would also be equally disturbing, because racism is all over the society, whether in the schools, on the streets, in churches and even in the high political offices such as the parliament and the Congress.

Origin of Conflict Amongst the US and Iraq Essay

Origin of Conflict Amongst the US and Iraq - Essay Example10). ISLAM Islam originates from Saudi-Arabian Arabia and is perceived as successor religion to Christianity since it clinches a mass of Christian and Jewish beliefs, while at the same time building on several beliefs. These religions belief in prophets of God like Abraham and messiah being bearers of new messages that change in beliefs, although only Muslims belief in Muhammad as being the destruction prophet a belief that is not embraced by some other religions (Keegan 2004, p. 35). Islam developed gradually, especially in the fifteenth century all over the world, especially in the Middle East, Africa and some European countries. This tremendous be adrift of Islam was ruled by leaders, caliphs, who assembled religion and civic governance. This association goes against the American belief of proper governance, which implies that religion and authorities are obviously differing social activities and that the government is restricted from showing support to any get outicular religion. The Moslem empire grew drastically which led to different sections of the Islamic empire started breaking into conflicting splinter groups as a result of increased wealth, as well as a variety of interests and customs. The central part of the Islamic empire that is situated in parts of Turkey, Iran and Iraq, transversed by international travel roads from and to China, India and other parts of the Orient (Cashman 2007, p. 48). As anticipated, conflict occurred given that the Middle East, which is before pine referred to as Israel, was the place where Christianity, Islam and Judaism originated. As a result, there were military endeavors referred to as Crusades, in an attempt to recapture the Christian Holy contribute from Muslims, which created a block of hostility, antagonism, threat and fear amongst the Islamic East and Christian West. isolated from that, succession to Islams leadership was the first cause of conf lict amongst Muslims with the main split amongst Sunnis and Shiites, as to who was the genuine successor of Muhammad (Hess 2009, p.76). muckle ROUTES During the Industrial Revolution, the West developed gradually especially in wealth, physical resources, competence as skills, as well as military experience and power, unlike the Islamic territories. As a result, the West secured more(prenominal) colonial empires by being hostile to countries that influence its trade routes, which in most cases were Islamic. They did this by victorious control of countries, or part of countries, and imposing on them rules that were disadvantageous and humiliating to Islamic people and their countries, while, on the other hand, those rules were advantageous to the West (Hiro 2009, p.100) While bringing change, both the British and French were mainly implicated with the short destination gains they would achieve by splitting the empire into independent nations, rather than the long term growth of t hese regions. The British established and implemented their desired government in a place that is currently Iraq, which was perceived as unsatisfactory by the indigenous leading to the rebellion that prolonged for years, giving emission to the rise of Baath Party that eventually acquired control of Iraq, as well as the rise of Saddam Hussein. Apart from that, this place, which is currently Israel, was set up in a manner that gave British control over the area, and this meant long term suffering in Palestine.

The Approach of Interpretive Anthropology Research Paper

The Approach of Interpretive Anthropology - Research Paper ExampleIt is a viewpoint that was created by Clifford Geertz as a reaction to the traditional objectivizeethnographic position that dominated anthropology at the time, as salubrious as calls for epistemology and writing methodologies that enable anthropologists to interpret cultures through understanding the manner in which people in a culture interpret themselves and their personal experiences. Geertz proposed that culture is a complicated collection of texts that constitute versatile meanings, with the meanings being comprehended by the actors and are consequently construed by anthropologists in a manner in which sections of a text are understood by literacy detractors. This is done through integrating into the analysis the contexts of the attendant, which leave alone the possibility of meaning for all the people involved in the interpreting. Geertz was against the widespread ethnographic practices of contemplations and instead back up active integration of the anthropologists in an ethnographic context. In this manner, informative anthropology considered Malinowskis claims of dis affiliated and impartial observation that had been the approach to anthropology up to the sixties and in a remarkable twist returned ethnographic practices to the German epistemological genealogy that had been recognized by Franz Boas. Therefore, in disapproval of the standpoint taken by Malinowski in the counselling he describes sexual activities among the savages, Geertz suggested Boasian deep involvement in the cultural activity. Even though it is intellectually connected to the anthropology of experience suggested by Victor Turner, cognitive anthropology that was established by Steven Tyler along with symbolic anthropology by David Schneider, interpretive anthropology addressed the intellectual developments outside the context of anthropology that took part in figurations through which local structures if meaning were analyze anthropologically.

Honda Marketing Communications Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Honda Marketing Communications - Case Study ExampleHonda focuses on every aspect of trade, not only on promotion and sales techniques, to persuade customers to buy and also on target market, marketing mix and the effective marketing strategy (Kotler & Armstrong, 2001) because successful marketing results in stronger harvestings, happier customers, and bigger profits.Moreover, customers recognize the importance of knowledge in relation to the product being purchased. some(prenominal) consumer behavior researches testified to this fact. Wong (2000) argued that a customer evaluates a product or a service. Such action is found on the customers reaction from the using the product or service, which means that the product or service should offer a good perception to the customers contentment. Frederick and Salter (1995) explained that it can be ensured that a customer is satisfied by taking into importance the value package, which includes price, product quality, service quality, inno vation, and corporate image. Others also stated the importance of maintaining or establishing a uniqueness of the product, while also understanding customers and what pleases them (Denton 1993). Customers should also understand the product and be allowed to fortune their own standards in order to be satisfied (Frederick & Salter 1995).Of all the components of a marketing plan, possibly the most overlooked but most critical element is the definition of the target market. According to Claravall (2000), it is a homogenous group of people or organizations that a company wishes to appeal to. There are devil basic targets for a product or service the user and the non-user segments. Thus, there are also deuce business and marketing decisions that the company must decide upon in light of the basic targets. The first is to civilize the present market alone while the second is to go after non-users. The former can urge on consumer loyalty which is an important factor in the survival of any business. In introducing new car models of Honda leave alone categorize its target market into two market segments (1) the Honda cars users or those who have already tried the product, and (2) the Honda cars non-users. Honda cars users are further classified into (a) males and (b) females in order to differentiate the market appeal and competitiveness of the offered products in footing of sex as well as the specific users of the four specified models in order to adjust the competitiveness of each product per se. the Honda car non-users, on the other hand, are further grouped into (a) those who do not use cars in general, and (b) those who use other car brands. These market segmentation schemes according to product use leave provide important information regarding the overall competitiveness of the Honda Cars as well as viability and opportunities for encouraging car non-users to not just try any other average cars but to get Honda Cars among others. Moreover, companies now face the challenge of making its target consumers respond accordingly to their marketing efforts and those who understand its consumers responses will have a great competitive advantage (Kotler & Armstrong, 2001). In this light, the Honda management as well as the advertisers will keep in mind the differences that are distinct between and among the Honda Cars target market base on

Multiple Governments and Intergovernmental Relationships Essay

Multiple Governments and Inter disposalal Relationships - Essay ExampleUS system of disposal has become more and more federal as time has gone by. As federalism increases the nature of co-operation excessively changes between the different forms of government. A local government which depends on the provincial government for its existence would for certain be less demanding and more co-operative as compared to a local government which has been given constitutional status. In US federal governments have a right to make laws in variety of spheres. The congress bear pass only certain laws related to certain fields specified in the constitution. However experts call up that this autonomy or freedom is mainly on paper than in practice. As federal government control the purse strings they have the power to convince local governments to follow model bills alert by the congress. In some areas these powers are beneficial but may also be see contrary to local benefits in some cases.This is probably the most important aspect of intergovernmental relations as a government interacts through their bureaucrats. At a particular point of time FBI is represented by the agent who is interacting with the LAPD.These officers can cause conflicts between two governments and can also make them very activated to each other depending upon their personal rapport or enmity.One of the most important examples in the modern times of intergovernmental relation has been anti-terrorist inquiries. Some of these inquiries are carried out parallel by the both the FBI as vigorous as state police. In major terrorist attack cases even the homeland security may be involved.Local police officers do not like any case which happens even their area to be transferred to the FBI. They see this as a personal insult. This lead to enmity between the forces and lead to an atmosphere of mistrust. It has been document by various investigators that prior information about a 9/11 plot was

Wireless technology Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Wireless applied science - Coursework ExampleComp ared to the positive impacts, negative impacts of piano tuner applied science on the environment are dependent on prolonged exposure linked to long-term practice session in moving people and goods, offering public services, powering the future, and nourishing people. In addition, tuner technology has do way into home, workplaces, and schools increasing concerns over the impacts on the environment in all these areas. This section focuses on both the negative and positive impacts that wireless technology has on the environment. The areas of study include hazards to humans, resources depletion, inventions discovery, and impact on wildlife, defilement of air and water, and short-lived and long-lived waste disposal impacts. Other areas of study include endangering of species, spotted beak and deforestation, and positive impacts like the case of Alaskan pipeline.In terms of public health, mobile phones and other wireless telecommunic ation devices involve information transmission using radio waves. Radio frequency waves are non-ionizing and this implies that they are not as strong to affect the atomic structures that they contact (U.S environmental Protection Agency, 2014). This is to say that RF waves neither break any(prenominal) chemical bond within human body nor cause any human atom to charge negatively or positively. Radio frequency waves linked to wireless technology arise from fixed network of antennas or base stations, industrial sources like cell towers, personal and domesticated appliances, commercial surveillance systems, WLAN, WiFi, and WiMAX networks. According to Sage & Carpenter (2009), RF waves form the main element of wireless communications and have the capacity to increase the information volume transferred with time. As a result, multiple frequency bands are in use for wireless communication. However, RF is electromagnetic fields and

How to Reduce Recidivism among Ex-Convicts Essay

How to subject Recidivism among Ex-Convicts - Essay ExampleThis paper argues that incarceration alone is not enough to reduce crime rates, especially re-imprisonment rates, and that the best way to reform ex-convicts is to offer them education, rehabilitation, and employment opportunities that will help them re-integrate more successfully into ordinary life. Background For the past twenty years, the costs of maintaining prison cells have expanded more swiftly than early(a) spending categories of state budgets, except for health c are expenditures (Sedgley et al. 498). In 2006, the incarcerated reached the population of 1.57 million, and the incarceration rate grew to 1.9% for pentad years, from 2000 to 2005 (Sedgley et al. 498). Recidivism is a costly problem, considering that out of more than 600,000 prisoners released every year, 5% returns afterwards six months, while 25.4% are re-imprisoned within three years after release (Sedgley et al. 498). Supporters of imprisonment arg ue that incarceration serves an important check purpose. If this is so effective, however, how come these people are re-imprisoned in as short as six months after their freedom? In this papers opinion, they are not prepared yet to become observant citizens, who can find and maintain stable jobs and homes. They need something more than imprisonment to change them they need smart set to educate them and to help them deal with their substance abuse problems, if present. Arguments Ex-convicts with substance abuse problems require long-run residential therapeutic system to help them change their attitudes and practices toward illegal medicates. Drugs change how people think, so it means they too need medical and non-pharmacological treatment to wash out these toxins and their effects on their thinking and actions. In Recidivism among spoiled Drug Felons A Longitudinal Analysis Following Residential Treatment, Belenko et al. studied the effect of participating in Drug Treatment res ource to Prison (DTAP) program on ex-cons recidivism rate. They used a longitudinal quasi-experimental design that had an experimental sample of 150 offenders and a comparison sample of 130 offenders. Findings showed that diverting drug offenders to DTAP resulted to lower rates of recidivism yearly arrest rates and the total number of months of new incarceration were intimately reduced and the time before the first re-arrest was longer. Another study recommends the use of a drug court, so that drug offenders are not lumped with hard-core criminals through incarceration. In Drug Court An Effective Alternative to Incarceration, Kalich and Evans study the effectiveness of the F.I.S.T Drug Court Program in decreasing the recidivism rates of participants, when compared to a influence group. Drug courts respond to the need for public safety by providing extensive monitoring of clients through patronize court contacts, group treatment sessions, and drug testing (570). Findings showed th at dependence on drug court components is like a shot related to lower rates of recidivism (Kalich and Evans 587). The researchers also learned the importance of determining and utilizing suitable group comparisons in recidivism studies (Kalich and Evans 587). These studies provide compelling evidence that incarceration is not suitable for drug offenders. Instead, they should be coerced to take long-term residential treatment that will persist, until these offenders are fully

Why do legal professionals need to understand the elements of Essay

Why do legal professionals need to check the elements of researching both primary and standby commencements - Essay ExampleThese primary constabulary of each of each dodging came from three sources which are the laws, cases and adjudications in the courts of the United States. The compositors case of statutes are composed of the Constitution of the United States and the law passed in Congress. Example of cases on the other hand are opinions about jurisprudence issued by courts opus adjudications are administrative agency materials (University of Cornell).Secondary sources are needed because they determine what law applies to the research. In essence, secondary sources are category of legal materials that is not considered primary source or information beyond the Constitution, laws and opinions of the court. The example of secondary sources could include but not limited to legal encyclopedias, treatises, legal periodicals and practice materials (University of Cornell). They may too include scientific journals and other research. Secondary sources are helpful materials that are a rich source of citations to the primary

Literature Review Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Literature Review - Assignment ExampleAdditionally, the human imagination department of any organisation plays a critical role and function in ensuring that the output and productiveness of that firm or organisation is on course. HCT as an organisation or a school alike has an obligation and duty to ensure that it hires the best talent and skills in the industry to help in achieving the think outcome.This research also looks into the issues and aspects of how best the HCT as an organisation or school could use the human vision management to continue to give excellence and service delivery not only to the students but the confederacy as a whole. At the end, the students and the whole society of UAE would benefit by receiving the solutions that the HCT as an organisation would give. In principle, it is important and critical to note and mention that the study also aims at devising the ways and modes or approaches of developing a proper working relationship between the students, pro fessors and the whole staff of HCT in the fall in Arabs Emirates (Sester, Giehl, McNerney, Kampmann, Walzl, Cuch & Meyerhans, 2010). Tentatively, it goes without saying or mentioning that the end goal and objective of HCT as an organisation would be to attract more than students by producing excellence and good performance. This is to mention that continued academic achievements and excellence would be balanced and linked with continued growth in the student population by the students in the United Arab Emirates.From the outset, the tone and disceptation of this source articulates the changing global patterns and trends by the human beings as a whole. This is to say that the article appreciates that the world or the global actors in the realm and aspects of business have embraced and continue to pursue new approaches in the area of human resource management. In the past, the societies pursued traditional measures where the human resource management. It also focuses chiefly in the

Cybercrime Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cybercrime - Research wallpaper ExampleOne of the best investigative techniques to deal with this issue is to bait the cybercriminals. It is also useful to scout on their forums and lure them out of the shadow. In reality, they are among the most elusive form of criminal.The truth is throng must be very careful to protect their passwords and their personal information. It is not a good idea to put your birthday on your Facebook account, for example, as this information may be used in nearly circumstances to access lingoing and other private records. Do not talk to strangers online if you are underage, as well, as they may be predators.Part of the problem with the Internet is its anonymity. It is hard to track down cybercriminals and they know it. The bank robbers of the future will not wear masks and carry guns, they will be the people who sit at their computer and hack into the bank. We must develop better investigative techniques to deal with

ECON WEEK 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ECON hebdomad 3 - Assignment ExampleFor example, an accountant would non be interested in the job vacuum cleaner published by a hospital. The structural unemployment refers to the leaving of employment due to changes in technological demands and changes in the operational process (Oswego, 2014). For example, the automation of machine systems in the factories may lead to structural unemployment due to loss of demand for labor.The unemployment scenario is considered to be undesirable as it leads to substantial gap mingled with the potential GDP and the satisfying GDP of the country. The reduction in the volume of products and services produced within the geographical boundary leads to the gap between the supply and demand in the market which finally leads to inflation in the economy (Schenk, 2014). However, all forms of unemployment atomic number 18 not undesirable as it has beneficial effects in the long run. For example, the loss of demand for lively labor force may occur due to structural unemployment that results from the introduction of new technology and alter systems in the production process. Although it increases unemployment in the short run but the gradual adaption of the workforce to the technologically meliorate processes leads to improvement in the operational efficiency and enhancement of the production volumes. In this view, structural form of unemployment is not undesirable.The advent of meshwork has the potential to completely eliminate frictional unemployment. This is due to the fact that the spread of the internet and World Wide Web have enhanced the power of voluntary job search by the candidates. Instead of readily available job opportunities, the candidates would look for the desired job opportunity on a voluntary basis that would lead to loss of job in certain sectors. However, there would be other candidates who would look for jobs in these sectors and the internet would be a useful tool to provide them the information on the d esired job vacancies. The

Foundations and Enforcements of White Collar Crime Essay

Foundations and Enforcements of White Collar Crime - Essay ExampleSince much(prenominal) types of crimes are committed by respectable people, it often involves intricate manoeuvre of managerial accounting which may or may not be accompanied by huge amount of financial fraud.In 1970, Herbert Edlehertz, US Department of Justice Official, described whiten collar crime as those extralegal stage or series of acts committed by non physical means and by concealment or guile, to beat silver, or property, or to obtain business advantage (Edlehertz). FBI2 has also reaffirmed Edlehertzs definition and has asserted that white collar crimes are characterized by deceit, concealment, or violation of trust and which are not dependent upon the application or threat of physical force or violence (USDOJ).The white collar crimes are illegal acts that violate state laws and the persons found guilty, can be tried under various section of guilty Law. The wide scope of white collar crimes is open t o interpretations and unless the culprit is caught with big(p) evidence of violating federal or state laws, it becomes very difficult to bring the offence and the offender to its rightful result. Enron Scandal is one of the most infamous white collar crimes where the top executives of the company were involved in huge financial bungling, money laundering, security fraud, wire fraud etc. that had finally led the company to seek bankruptcy in 2001 (Enron).In the recent times, there has been increasing cases of white collar crimes. The unethical conduct and non transparency in corporate governance has greatly facilitated the upsurge in the huge financial irregularity that has caused the loss of billions of dollars of the hard earned money of the public. There is urgent need to bring accountability within the working of the makeup both public and private so as to safeguard public money and promote common trust and confidence. It is especially true in the contemporary times, when the world economy is

TalkTalk Telecom Group PLC Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

TalkTalk Telecom Group PLC - Coursework ExampleTalkTalk is a union that provides telecommunications, internet, and pay-television services and the headquarters of the partnership are established in London, United Kingdom (TalkTalkGroup.com). Initially the company was only a fixed landline provider but now the company also provides winding phone, home phone and broadband services. The company is listed on the London Stock Exchange (TalkTalkGroup.com). Since the company is incorporated in the United Kingdom therefore the company is bound to fulfill the requirements of the regulations of the UK for the preparation of its annual fib (TalkTalkGroup.com).Every company in the UK is necessary to follow the International Accounting Standards (IASs) and International Financial reporting Standards (IFRSs) developed by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Therefore, TalkTalk is also required to prepare its financial controls in accordance with the standards mentioned abov e. For each head in the financial statements, a specific accounting treatment has been positivistic in the IASs and IFRSs. There are a number of standards that deal with different heads in the financial statements.The financial statements of a company include statement of comprehensive income, statement of financial position, statement of cash flows, statement of changes in equity and the notes to the financial statements. These five documents constitute the financial statements of a company. The statement of comprehensive income provides an vast view of the revenue earned by the company, the cost incurred by the company throughout the financial year, the wampum or loss made by the company. The accounting standards provide certain accounting treatments that are required to be followed for the preparation of the statement of comprehensive income. One of the most important requirements is the treatment regarding recognition of revenue. IAS 18 Revenue provides the required accounti ng

Economy of China Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economy of mainland China - Research Paper modellingContextually, with respect to commercial activities, national limitations are lessening in terms of legitimate administrations where independent federations are performing as the principal power over their respective regions (Kojima, 2002, pp. 1-2). A similar notion bear excessively be held true in the context of Chinas semblance with major global powers, including the US, UK, and other countries. On political and scotch grounds, serious economic conflicts have transpired in recent quantify between China and other economies, especially those concerning the US in numerous aspects. Besides, the Chinese economy is also facing problems which are likely to have the profound impact on the world economy (Xuetong, 2010, pp. 267-269).Considering these aspects, this judge will review the world politics on international business causing conflicts, majorly between China and US along with other nations. Therefore, the prime focus of the essay will be on the economic problems witnessed by China concerning its relations in the global arena. Stating precisely, the objective of the essay is to evaluate the economic issues soon witnessed by China in the international context from different perspectives.In the global political history, two most apparent changes in power have been identified in the recent occurrences one beingness the rise of European economy after Industrial Revolution and the other being the rise of the American economy in the post-Civil War era (Zhou, 2008, pp.171). These power moves have resulted in international conflicts with the motive to larn more authority in the global trade systems. It was during this era that weakening nations became more probable to brook the governing position in the international business system, thereby increasing the gap in relation to international power distribution.

Explaining the Focus Learners Use of Communication How does the Assignment

Explaining the Focus Learners Use of Communication How does the educator analyze assimilators manipulation of language to develop con - Assignment ExampleIn order to achieve this, candidates have to be granted the opportunity to satisfy the necessary requirements in the edTPA handbook for their specified subject. Furthermore, the candidates should be responsible for cookery and assessment during the edTPA training present video recordings and complete the edTPA within the specified timeframe.The edTPA affects mentor teachers, teacher zeal programs, and teacher candidates. Teacher candidates are affected by edTPA in the sense that the process is intended to imprint confidence in candidate teachers while at the same time acceleration the process of in force(p) teaching. Data and evidence is used by the teacher preparation programs with aims of focusing experience and classroom performance. On the side of mentor teachers, the process brings about a sense of shared ownership while targeting the student teaching experience outcomes.The edTPA is a very sufficeful process that helps educators to assess learners. The experience gained from the process is non only applicable in classrooms but also in the outside world to study and help special learners and

The factors that influence the well being of children and young people Essay Example for Free

The factors that influence the wellspring being of churlren and modern people EssayThe well being of children flush toilet depend on many things. Having a bully positive mental attitude to life is truly important and there are many factors that provoke determine how we feel and how we think. Building good relationships with family members and friends can postulate a good outcome on how children feel and can help build a good self esteem and a good signified of who they are. Having emotional security is beneficial to a child so that they know they are loved , wanted and rented. We need to promote a well balanced diet so that children are well nourished with plenty of exercise. Make sure we instill children about good hygiene like everyday things such as washing and brushing teething regularly. Making sure dentist and doctor appointments are made and kept so that their general health is kept up to date and promote a good sleep pattern so that they assimilate plenty of rest. Explain the importance of resilience for children and young peopleRead more Explain how children and young peoples development is influenced by a range of personal factors essayA resilient child is much a child who is strong and insensible(p) by changes around them unless they choose to be. They will become unaffected by different or new situations and will be able to handle them better. A child who has come from a loving family with strong emotional attachments are given a good sense of security. They will have good knowledge of their culture and will tend to know who they are and where they have come from.They will be more resilient toward negativity and winning or being good at everything will not be a priority to them but a bonus if achieved. If a child feels insecure about things they will find it difficult and may not experience everything they need to experience to get on in life. The well being of a child can be affected by resilience so a good sense of well being is unavoidable and should include their physical and emotional health.

Intercultural communication Essay Example for Free

Intercultural communication try outThe power distance refers to the closeness, or lack thereof, between a mortal of authority and his or her subordinates. Those that asseverate the power of authority, that is those people who can bring about a change of some type, are also, many another(prenominal) times, those who present with some type of symbol of their authority when attending a meeting, or otherwise on display. For example, in an Arabic country, a person in authority might wear a amply decorated robe and head covering while those in subordinate roles might be spruced up in a less elaborate robe and plain head covering or a suit. The language one uses also denotes their position of authority. For example, a person in authority in a more(prenominal) democratic and informal society would usually address a subordinate by his or her given first name instead of using a salutation such as Mr or Ms along with the persons last name as would be the case in a more formal, less d emocratic culture. In addition, there is ample body language displayed both by the person in authority and by those whose are not in authority.A person of authority ordain usually command a presence in a room by presenting oneself in the bm and center of a group of people. Subordinates to the person in power will flank that person by standing back away and behind the person in authority. Indeed, depending on the culture of the person in authority, that person will either talk to their subordinates in an aloof way that can seem to be almost rude to someone that is unused to it.The countries that demand this sort of communication include those located in the Arab speaking areas of the world, as well as Russia and China. In other cultures, such as those found in Australia, Canada, and Japan, there is more of an egalitarian mood to the interactions between a person with the power of authority and their subordinates. This is characterized by mutual respect between both parties that is not found in those more conservative countries.

The human society today Essay Example for Free

The clement society today Essay at that place are several reasons of preconceived notion in the hu opus society today. Undeniably the diverse situation among the human population in the society today makes the said situation much harder to deal with. This is the reason why a motion to propose a program that shall handle the difficulties that several individuals palpate because of prejudice shall be presented herein. The said program application shall be found upon a particular study that is to be based upon the researches that had been used and performed by other researchers before to strengthen the statement that prejudice is indeed a colossal problem in the society. The integration of interview procedures within the research process shall also be among the nigh helpful elements that shall be utilized by the researcher of this study so as to strengthen the administration of the informations presented herein. II. Review of Literature At present, one of the most concerning a nd alarming sociological issues is the conception of prejudice betwixt each individual or complaisant group. bias is basically similar to discrimination as this concept involves the adverse view and interactional relationship or treatment between the dominant and recessive societies.In an actual manifestation, prejudice seat cause crimes and violence between the social groups and even result a sociological or political imposition of sanction against one particular society. The concept of prejudice is primarily caused by the differences in the society in one or more signifi nominatet concern. For example, in the sensible level, aesthetic physical value can either cause a positive or contradict effect on the social view towards that individual.Other similar factors are the issues of ancestral background or dry wash, social status, economic disposition, religious affiliation and others can also cause a similar scenario resulting to prejudice towards an individual or social grou ps. Differences in the personal or social views in these fields can cause negate and discrimination in the society resulting to adverse views and social conception towards the other social group or person. Prejudice can either posts positive or negative impact on the society in general or in personal level. Considering the positive result.Adverse judgment or views can result to social barriers particular to a specific individual or social group, which can view as hindrances and challenging blocks in the course of success of the concerned party. In this scenario, by looking for at the discrimination aspect as indeed a challenge, prejudism can promote rapid training and improvement particularly on the afflicted party as he or she of them struggle to mortify that adverse judgment. On the other hand, prejudism can also cause social dysfunctional and further segregation of the good deal mainly if it is practice in more personal level.Prejudism can cause further conflict and dispari ty as the people react negatively on the issue mainly if done in a closer proximity. Thus, the effect of prejudism is largely dependent on the personal views and social perspective of the people as they react and towards the said and how they struggle to overcome the adverse judgment towards them. III. Subjects for Interviewing For the proceedings of this study, there would be four individuals who would be the primary interviewees for the subject.Each of the said four belong to a certain race and are receiving oppressive reactions from the society that they are living with. (A) John is a 30-year old, uninfected, a high give lessons graduate, employed as a plumber who is married to a Mexican-American wife, and the father of two children or (B) Sarah is a 22 year-old girls who is single, a college student, and an African American dating a white student from the same school. (C) Michael is a 25-year old guy who is working as a bellboy in a hotel, a youthful Filipino man who is curre ntly married to a Latina and is residing at a small apartment in California.(D) Myrna is a 31-year old lady who was originally situated in China. She is currently married to an American man and a mother to a boy who is at the same time dating a white American. IV. Instrumentation The primary instrumentation utilized for this study are the researches that had been presented beforehand by other enthusiasts of the issue. by means of reviewing the literatures that were primarily utilized to come up with the major claims in this study, the presentation of the social function is rather reinforced and performed with clarity.Later on, the integration of the interview results further strengthens the approach of the study in terms of actuality and life-accuracy of the claims and information presented herein. V. Findings drumhead of the Literature From the literature reviewed, it could be noted that prejudice is indeed a social cancer that take ample attention and regulation so as to norma lize the situation that most minors experience from dealing with the natives of the land that they are living in.Most likely, the literatures that were reviewed herein make the informations of the study more authentic and clarified for better reader-understanding purposes. VI. Findings Summary of Interviews The interviews performed by the researcher in this paper further clarifies the issue in an actualized view that naturally increases the knowledge of the readers based on life-based experiences that were related by the interviewees themselves. The impact of the said matter to them implies the real score of the situation in an actual measure of the social issue being dealt with.VII. Prejudice Checklist Education Racial Affiliation Religion and beliefs Economical Diversity Age and Gender VIII. Youth program to Overcome Prejudice During the meetings, the area where it would be held is expected to have at least 15 sit to hold the exact number of the members of the group. Furth ermore, bulletin boards and discussion boards should also be present to be equal to(p) to present the progress of the program to the members of the entire group. (Marton, 1997, 32)The rules are simple people who are to join the trading operations should be noted to have their attention focused upon the developments of the individuals that they are supporting. The inspiration that they are living their sense of hearing should be manifested through the acts of the young ones. Those who are handling the practical application of the program are supposed to keep track of the developments of the individuals and how they are directly affecting the lives of the people in their community.

Legitimacy Theory Essay Example for Free

authenticity Theory Essayauthenticity is a generalized perception or assumption that the actions of an entity are desirable, proper, or appropriate within virtually well-disposedly constructed system of norms, values, beliefs, and definitions (Suchman, 1995, p. 574, emphasis in original) Legitimacy possibility has become peerless of the most cited theories within the social and environmental accounting body politic. to that extent there remains deep scepticism amongst many seekers that it offers any real insight into the voluntary disclosures of slews. This apprize paper outlines responses to deuce specific concerns identified in the literature. It go a direction eventually form part of a much big project addressing a undulate of issues associated with genuineness theory.First, the paper brings some of the more late educations in the deliver the goodsment and ethical literature on authenticity and corporations to the accounting table. Second, there are contributi ons to the theory that eat up already been made by accounting tecs that are yet to be fully recognised. The seed believes that authenticity theory does offer a powerful mechanism for understanding voluntary social and environmental disclosures made by corporations, and that this understanding would pass on a vehicle for engaging in critical universe debate.The chore for genuineness theory in contributing to our understanding of accounting disclosure specifically, and as a theory in general, is that the term has on occasion been used fairly loosely. This is non a problem of the theory itself, and the observation could be equally applied to a range of theories in a range of disciplines (see for example Caudill (1997) on the abuse of Evolutionary Theory).Failure to adequately specify the theory has been identified by Suchman (1995, p. 572, emphasis in original), who observed that Many researchers employ the term legitimacy, but few define it. Hybels (1995, p. 241) comments that As the tradesmen sic of social science have groped to build elaborate theoretical structures with which to shelter their careers anddisciplines, legitimation has been a screen mans hammer. This paper begins to address these issues.Not One Theory but Two (at least)An historic issue which needs to be acknowledged is that there are in fact two study classes of legitimacy theory. These are graphically presented in Figure 1 below. The macro-theory of legitimation, known as institutional LegitimacyTheory, deals with how governing bodyal structures as a whole (capitalism for example, or establishment) have gained acceptance from society at large. Within this tradition, legitimacy and institutionalization are virtually synonymous. Both phenomena empower organizations primarily by making them seem natural and purposeful (Suchman, 1995, p. 576, emphasis in original).In terms of accounting research, given the time frames involved and questions generally macrocosm considered, the current argumentation environment, including the capitalist structure, democratic government, etc. are generally taken as a given, a static context within which the research is situated. This assumption would, however, need to be carefully considered for a longitudinal study of any signifi discountt length. Figure 1 Layers of Legitimacy TheoryINSTITUTIONAL trainGOVERNMENT RELIGION SOCIETY CAPITALISMORGANISATIONAL LEVEL(IN THIS CASE COMPANY LTD BY SHARE)Establishment self-renunciation wing MaintenanceFrom the Moral to the MeasurableOne layer down from the Institutional Level is what in Figure 1 is called the Organisational Level (sometimes referred to as Strategic Legitimacy Theory). Underlying organizational legitimacy is a process, legitimation, by which an organization seeks approval (or avoidance of sanction) from groups in society (Kaplan and Ruland, 1991, p. 370).It is from this levelthat most accounting research works to draw its understanding of legitimacy. Mathews (1993, p. 35 0) provides a good definition of legitimacy at this level Organisations seek to ground congruence mingled with the social values associated with or implied by their activities and the norms of acceptable behaviour in the larger social system in which they are a part. In so far as these two value systems are congruent we quite a little speak of musical arrangemental legitimacy.When an actual or potential disparity exists between the two value systems there will exist a threat to organisational legitimacy. At its simplest, within the Organisational image legitimacy is an operational resource that organizations extract oftentimes competitively from their cultural environments and that they employ in pursual of their goals (Suchman, 1995, p. 575 6, emphasis in original). Legitimacy, just like money, is a resource a business requires in wander to operate. Certain actions and events increase that legitimacy, and otherwises decrease it. Low legitimacy will have particularly di re consequences for an organisation, which could lastly lead to the forfeiture of their right to operate.Although we can describe a firm as being true, and imagine of amounts of legitimacy, it becomes a very subjective exercise to try and direct measure legitimacy. Although it has concrete consequences, legitimacy itself is an solicit concept, given reality by multiple actors in the social environment. For a researcher to try and directly establish, or even rank, the legitimacy of various organisations would seem to be a necessarily subjective undertaking, preferencing the researchers own views. As Hybels (1995, p. 243) argues, I reject this view because it is ground on a conflation of the roles of observer and participant in social science.As an alternative, rather than trying to subjectively measure a firms legitimacy directly it can instead be inferred from the fact that being legitimate enables organizations to attract resources necessary for survival (e.g., scarce materia ls, patronage, political approval) (Hearit, 1995, p. 2). Hybels (1995, p. 243) develops this in some detailLegitimacy often has been conceptualized as simply one of many resources that organizations must(prenominal) obtain from their environments. But rather than viewing legitimacy as something that is exchanged among institutions, legitimacy is better conceived as both(prenominal) part of the context for exchange anda by-product of exchange. Legitimacy itself has no material form. It exists only as a symbolic representation of the corporate evaluation of an institution, as evidenced to both observers and participants perhaps most convincingly by the flow of resources. resources must have symbolic import to function as value in social exchange. But legitimacy is a higher-order representation of that symbolism a representation of representations. Hybels (1995, p. 243) argues that good models in legitimacy theory must strain the relevant stakeholders, and how Each influences the flow of resources crucial to the organizations establishment, growth, and survival, either through direct control or by the communication of good will. He identifies (p. 244) four critical organisational stakeholders, to each one of which control a number of resources.These are summarised in Table 1 below. Table 1 Critical Organisational Stakeholder STAKEHOLDER RESOURCES CONTROLLED Contracts, grants, legislation, regulation, tax (Note that the (1) The asseverate last three of these could be either a negative or positive depending on the implementation) (2) The public (3) The financial community (4) The media Few direct resources however, can substantially influence the decisions of stakeholders (2) (3) (if non (1)) Patronage (as customer), financial backing (as community interest), labour InvestmentThe last of these has received considerable attention. The power of the media has been noted by a number of researchers, including Patten (2002, p. 153), who severalises that while increase media attention can certainly lead to the potential for increased pressures from any of the three sources dissatisfaction of public new or proposed political action increased regulatory oversight, increases in pressure canalso arise, particularly with respect to regulatory oversight. See also Deegan et al. (2000, 2002). Companies try to manage their legitimacy because it helps to ensure the continued inflow of capital, labour and customers necessary for viabilityIt also forestalls regulatory activities by the state that might occur in the absence of legitimacy and pre-empts product boycotts or other disruptive actions by external parties By mitigating these potential problems, organizational legitimacy provides managers with a degree of autonomy to decide how and where business will be conducted (Neuet al., 1998, p. 265).Researchers need to move away from trying to directly assess legitimacy, and instead focalisation on measuring it in terms of the resources relevant stak eholders provide. Rather than engage in the further development of entirely abstract constructions of the legitimation process researchers should investigate the flow of resources from organizational constituencies as comfortably as the pattern and content of communications (Hybels, 1995, p. 244).But Wait in that respects MoreAs shown in Figure 1 Organisational Legitimacy Theory suggests that a firm may be in one of four signifiers with regard to its legitimacy. These phases are outlined below, some examples of industries/firms that might be considered to be operating in each of these phases are included (further research needs to be undertaken in this area). Establishing Legitimacy. (E.g. Stem Cell based bio-tech).This first phase represents the early stages of a firms development and tends to revolve around issues of competence, particularly financial, but the organisation must be aware of socially constructed standards of quality and desirability as well as perform in accordan ce with accepted standards of professionalism (Hearit, 1995, p. 2). Maintaining Legitimacy. (The majority of organisations). This is the phase that most firms would generally express to be operating in, where their activities include (1) ongoing role performance and symbolic assurances that all is well, and (2) attempts to anticipate and hamper or forestall potential challenges to legitimacy (Ashford and Gibbs, 1990, p. 183). However the maintenance of legitimacy is not as scant(p) as it may at first appear. Legitimacy is a dynamic construct. Community expectations are not considered static, but rather, change across time thereby requiring organisations to be responsive to the environment in which they operate. An organisation could, accepting this view, stick out its legitimacy even if it has not changed its activities from activities which were previously deemed acceptable (legitimate) (Deegan et al., 2002, p. 319 20). Extending Legitimacy. (E.g. Alternative Health Providers). There may come a point where an organisation enters new markets or changes the way it relates to its current market.This can give rise to a need to extendlegitimacy which is apt to be intense and proactive as precaution attempts to win the confidence and support of wary potential constituents (Ashford and Gibbs, 1990, p. 180). Defending Legitimacy. (E.g. Uranium Mining). Legitimacy may be threatened by an incident (internal or external), and therefore require defence. Legitimation activities tend to be intense and reactive as management attempts to counter the threat (Ashford and Gibbs, 1990, p. 183).Even barring a major incident it is likely in the Western Capitalist system that almost every corporation will regularly need to defend its legitimacy, by the mere fact that corporations must fulfil both a competence and community requirement to realize legitimacy Satisfaction of shareholder interests often occurs at the expense of community concerns (e.g., the despoiling of the envi ronment, the use of labour) while, conversely, responsibility to the larger community often occurs at the expense of the stockholder (Hearit, 1995, p. 3).It is this last phase that has tended to be the main focus of accounting researchers. It also provides us with the clearest opportunity to examine the crucial link between legitimacy and resources. Lindblom (1994), a key paper cited by many genial and environmental Accounting researchers, also seems relevant specifically to this phase only. An example of work in this area is Deegan et al.s (2000) study of five major incidents (including the Exxon Valdez oil spill and the Bhopal Disaster) which provided a context to examine the annual reports of related (in industrial terms) Australian firms to see if there had been a significant change in their social or environmental reporting.They concluded The results of this study are consistent with legitimacy theory and show that companies do appear to change their disclosure policiesaround the time of major company and pains related social events. These results highlight the strategic nature of voluntary social disclosures and are consistent with a view that management considers that annual report social disclosures are a useful device to reduce the effects upon a corporation of events that are perceived to be unfavourable to a corporations image (Deegan et al., 2000, p. 127).The diagnosis Needs RefinementThis is where the traditional legitimacy model stops. However my ownresearch, into the tobacco industry, Tilling (2004), and that of other researchers, including experimental research undertaken by ODonovan (2002), suggest a further development of the Organisational Legitimacy Level, as depicted in Figure 2 below. Added to the model is the possibility that a firm may not successfully (or may be unable to) defend the threat to its legitimacy and actually start to lose legitimacy. Figure 2 Refinement of the Organisational Level of Legitimacy TheoryEstablishment Los sDefence Disestablishment ExtensionMaintenanceIn this model the defence phase is usually entered by an organisation after some form of one-off incident or accident which threatens its legitimacy. This phase could be characterised as being acute, it can be serious, some times even fatal, but usually, with proper management, the organisation can maintain, or at least recover, its legitimacy. However should there be an ongoing series of events,indicative of a systemic issue, e.g. the thermonuclear power industry, or a single event with permanent consequences which cannot be effectively managed, e.g. realisation that the organisations product is not safe such as the tobacco industry, an organisation is likely to have its legitimacy eroded over a period of time (the loss phase), which can be characterised as chronic. The issue can be difficult to manage, and generally leads to declining legitimacy, however the loss may be managed and slowed over a long period of time, or significant cha nge could lead to reestablishment of legitimacy.The loss phase is most likely to be preceded by sustained media and NGO scrutiny, and accompanied by increasing government regulation, monitoring and possibly taxation. Within this phase there are likely to be periods where the company will increase its voluntary social and environmental disclosure in an effort to meet specific threats (such as to postpone or defeat proposed regulations) or to communicate systemic corporate change(similar to the defence phase). However, with each new restriction average total disclosure can be expected to decrease.This idea is alluded to by ODonovan (2002) who argues, based on experimental evidence, that the lower the perceived legitimacy of the organisation, the less likely it is to distract providing social and environmental disclosure.Watch This SpaceLegitimacy theory offers researchers, and the wider public, a way to critically withdraw corporate disclosures. However the understanding and study o f the theory must become more sophisticated, drawing on developments both within the accounting literature and beyond. Only then will the full potential of legitimacy theory for examining a wide range of disclosures be fully realised. Areas that would provide useful insights include at the moment the asbestos industry (as it goes through the disestablisment phase), brothels (as they become much more legitimate within the Australian context), and the forestry industry (as it tries to defend its legitimacy), to name but a few.The knowledge gained will then be used to provide better and more useful information to inform decision making by stakeholders. In this way society is empowered to have greater control and oversight over the way resources are allocated.ReferencesAshford, B. E. and B. W. Gibbs (1990) The Double-Edge of organizational Legitimation, Organization Science, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 177 194. Caudill, E. (1997) Darwinian Myths The Legends and Misuses of a Theory, Knoxville, University of Tennessee Press. Deegan, C., M. Rankin and J. Tobin (2002) An Examination of the Corporate Social and Environmental Disclosures of BHP from 1983-1997 A Test of Legitimacy Theory, Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 312 343. Deegan, C., M. Rankin and P. Voght (2000) Firms Disclosure Reactions to Major Social Incidents Australian depict, Accounting Forum, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 101 130. Hearit, K. M. (1995)Mistakes Were Made Organizations, Apologia, and Crises of Social Legitimacy, Communication Studies, Vol. 46, No. 1-2, pp. 1 17. Hybels, R. C. (1995) On Legitimacy, Legitimation, and Organizations A Critical Review and Integrative Theoretical Model, Academy of ManagementJournal, Special restitution Best Papers Proceedings, 1995, pp. 241 245. Kaplan, S. E. and R. G. Ruland (1991) Positive Theory, Rationality and Accounting Regulation, Critical Perspectives on Accounting, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 361 374. Lindblom, C. K. (1994), The Implicati ons of organisational Legitimacy for Corporate Social Performance and Disclosure, Critical Perspectives on Accounting Conference, New York. Mathews, M. R. (1993) socially Responsible Accounting, UK, Chapman Hall.Neu, D., H. Warsame and K. Pedwell (1998) Managing Public Impressions Environmental Disclosures in yearly Reports, Accounting, Organizations and Society, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 265 282. ODonovan, G. (2002) Environmental Disclosures in the Annual Report Extending the Applicability and Predictive Power of Legitimacy Theory, Accounting, Auditing and Accountability, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 344 371. Patten, D. M. (2002)Media Exposure, Public Policy Pressure, and Environmental Disclosure An Examination of the Impact of Tri Data Availability, Accounting Forum, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 152 171. Suchman, M. C. (1995) Managing Legitimacy Strategic and Institutional Approaches, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 571 610. Tilling, M. (2004), Communication at the Edge Voluntary S ocial and Environmental describe in the Annual Report of a Legitimacy Threatened Corporation. APIRA Conference Proceedings, Singapore, July.

The contrasting place Essay Example for Free

The severalize place EssayHow does Barry Hines create good- leave behind for wand Casper in A sparrow hawk for a knave? Kes is a novel written by Barry Hines set in Sheffield, south Yorkshire, in the 1960s. The story describes two different places that re both last(predicate)y contrast each other. The first place is where billy goat lives all the houses are council houses, the whole area is run down and deprived of luxuries such as central heating. The contrasting place is called Firs Hill where all the houses are big, clean and very posh with lots of luxuries like racy running water. I suppose we al take feel sorry for nightstick because of the disadvantaged area he lives in.Kes raises a lot of 1960s issues for example, billy club has no father, his mother goes out most nights and always returns inhabitation with a new man, making us feel sorry for Billy as hes no one(a) to look up to. Another issue is that of the education system which lets Billy down badly. He atten ds a boys secondary modern where he suffers draconian punishment such as thrashes from a heape or lashes from a belt. Billy will have to leave school when he is 15 his only prime(prenominal) of employment will be to work down the mine (pit) with his brother Jud whos a bully.Billy hates the supposition of having to work down the mine, which creates sympathy as hes forced into a no hope situation. The first incidental I have chosen is Sugden P. E lesson (pg. 87-108) I have chosen this because when you compare Billy to a bully like Sugden, it shows how pitiful Billy really is. In this leave of the novel Hines has managed to create sympathy for Billy by showing how weak and vulnerable Billys causa is. Billy has to tell Sugden hes forgotten his P. E kit and Sugden makes him wear a pair of shorts which are massive, the class roars with laughter and even Billy has to smile.The only person not amused was Sugden. This part emphasises on the hard strict character Sugden is and makes Bill y look like a complete wimp. The class then goes onto the field and football teams are picked. Billy is last to be selected which shows he has no friends. You feel sorry because hes the loner of the class, not only does he get picked last, but he is made to go in goal, this appears to be a regular subject as Billy states Im fed up o goin in goal. I go in every week. In this same incident a wiener wonders on to the pitch.Sugden, bringing out his bulling character, resorts to violence and tells the boys Go and fetch half a dozen cricket bats from the games store, Billy sticks up for the dog precept Itll not hurt you. And manages to lead the animal get through the field without getting hurt. This shows a caring facial nerve expression to Billy and how he relates to animals. The end of lesson bell sounds but the match carries on. Time is creation expressed in this part of the story maybe to show how slowly it is passing and to create tension as to whos passing game to win the game.Eventually its all over and the boys race inside to the consumes. Sugden watches Billy as he changes and blocks wrap up his exit because he didnt have a shower. Billy denies not having one and comes up with the excuse of having a cold but cant produce a sealed letter from a legal defender to prove it. At this point in the novel you can feel the unnecessary humiliation Sugden inflicts upon Billy as he sends him into the showers not once but twice and orders three other boys to help. This part emphasises on just what a bully Sugden is and creates sympathy as Billy suffers Sugdens taunting.The film version of this incident is about different it go abouts off with a distance pecker of Sugden outside doing an over exaggerated warm-up. Circus circus music is being played which makes his warm-up seem very funny. As the camera gets closer you can see that Sugden is full of his own self importance as he comes over as being real big headed. The next press stud cuts to the changi ng room showing an over the shoulder shot of Sugden having a go at Billy for forgetting his kit. This shot gives the impression of Sugden towering over Billy and shows how lesser and scrawny Billy is compared to a bully like Sugden.(The size difference does not come over in the book. ) There is also a low angle shot of the boys looking in at Sugden and Billy, which creates the impression of them crowding round to watch. This shot creates sympathy for Billy as it shows the whole class watching as Sugden tares strips of him. The shot then cuts to the outside scene where all the boys are lining up ready to be picked. It projects Billy as an isolated, pathetic figure as hes left standing alone, waiting for his call to be called. The book tells us that Billy is picked last and this shot directs attention towards him looking alone and segregated.The football scene is cut short in the film, I think this is to keep the story flowing as it seems to drag on a bit in the book. However the f ilm missed out the dog scene, which portrayed Billys understanding of animals and how he treats them different to adults. Throughout the football scene the camera is mostly center on Sugden. It shows in sequence Sugden taking the penalty twice and sending a boy off for a foul he made himself, then hes seen hitting two boys for not participating in the game properly. These shots are all designed to show him as a bully.The close ups show his facial expressions as being stern and strict. This emphasised his bulling character whereas the book can only reveal his character by how he talks and acts. Both make you dislike him. The final scene opens with a shot of Sugden stopping Billy for not having a shower, while Billy gets undressed Sugden starts laughing with the other boys, creating grace for Billy as everyone seems to pick on him. The shot cuts to a close up of Sugden turning the shower temperature dial form hot to cold, as in the book.This is an important scene because it shows ju st how far Sugden will go with his self ego and the fact that no-one bothers sticks up for Billy shows how lonely he is. The shots of Billy in the showers alone are mid shots and close ups. The close-ups show details like goose pimples and actually start to make you feel cold. The shot of him by himself make him look isolated and lonely again creating pity. This part of the story comes across a lot better in the film than in the book.

Self Reflection Paper Essay Example for Free

Self Reflection Paper EssayAs a young male child growing up in a rural town (Dublin, VA) in Southwest Virginia, the furthest occasion from my mind was information styles. We had one stop light, a tight knit community where everyone knew everyone. The only learning we concerned ourselves with consisted of the lake, the river and the local church grounds. We went fishing, we liked to swim and participate in local sports activities (whatever sport that was pertinent at the time) against local neighbor kids. Our learning was not about how we knowing it was about fitting in and learning how to be a great fisherman and a good athlete. What was important was fitting in both socially and athletically. I came from a family where education wasnt important. The community, working hard and making a financial support were the important aspects of life. cultivation style and cultivate were the furthest things from my mind. However, once I started high school it all changed, I realized I had a dream to pursue.During high school it was my dream to execute college football. Randy Flinchumm a special teams football coach made me realize that I was capable of living my dreams. He said Son you have the talent to make it to college on your abilities, but your grades have to ready better to qualify you to get into college. I never took school seriously it was boring and I struggled with the subjects I was trying to learn. I found classes were difficult. For me, classes which were fun and interesting were those that included charts, diagrams and physical activities that would allow me to stay pore and to really understand what I was learning. I had never heard of learning styles until now, here at the University of Phoenix. while taking Com/516 and reading an article called Different Strokes Learning Styles in the Classroom, I have learned about three learning styles. There are three Visual, Auditory, and Kinesthetic. In the article The Effect of Learning Styles on Ed ucation and the Teaching Process by Ibrahium, he tells us that visual learning is where the student uses items such as charts, pictures, diagrams and animations to learn. He also explains further that auditory students use listening as means of learning and kinesthetic learners use physical activities rather than watching and listening to a demonstration.

Assessing ecosystem health Essay Example for Free

Assessing eco system wellness EssayThe elemental summary of the article is shown below. Metaphors drawn from adult male health can be applied in purlieual valuement at ecosystem levels hence the innovation of ecosystem medicine may also be appropriate in trying to understand the environment. By using metaphors one can understand a difficult c formerlypt into to a greater extent k nowadaysn terms since a comparison as to what is common in medicine and in ecosystem. Human use accomplishment but they employ art also in appreciating and studying things. As a necessary consequence of using arts or even recognition errors in sermon could also happen as there could also be good exampled of false alarms in study the environment. But for a successful application of the medical concepts in ecosystem, there could be a ingest squander a greater-defined taxonomy of ecosystems to afford a better correlations and analysis of the different variables shootd in ecosystems. Taxonomy allow for allow much definitions of technical terms in ecosystems which could be used by scientists and scholars to carry a thorough investigation and analysis. The health status of ecosystems in turn could also serve a well barometer to assess the present status or health of the environment. This must be so since the better the ecosystem , the better the environment. head word 2. economize a review of piece 1 (p-15 Introduction) and also exhibit substantial points which the generator has talked about to be discuss in the paper any critique anything missing? Any important information we get from this atom? Any interesting thing we get from this section, and do we really occur it in the following section?The simple admittance is shown below. The fountain is saying that whatever the ecosystem now suffers is partially caused by human activity. He is using a metaphor to convey his message. That the environments health must also be determined like that of a human individua l. Like a human being who is subject to stress, the precedent illustrates that the ecosystem also suffers from effects of various stresses. He assertd as examples of stresses the following harvesting, origin of exotic species, generation of waste residuals, physical restructuring, and even extreme rude(a) events which affect the environment. irresolution 3. Write a review of Section 2 (p-16 Ecosystem a nebulous concept?) What do we regulate from this Section? What has agent tried to march on and how successful he has been to communicate? And also indicate the implication of this section associate to this article, if you see any critique to this section and then write it with a accomplished logical system?Is ecosystem a nebulous concept? The designer is saying that while others my think that term ecosystems may be indefinite of meaning because of difficulty of delimiting boundaries on the basis of conventional observations. Ecosystems are not isolated, but well-nigh c onnected, or nested within adjacent or larger systems as seen in the continuum from rivers to lakes from estuaries to the sea from the sea to the worlds ocean. The author agrees that for management and assessment, ecosystem constitutes a relevant macro-level unit for describing the environment (Rowe, 1961, 1989 Bird Rapport, 1986). The author is very clear in describing the ecosystems as a dynamic, complex, and open systems that are in constant change over ecological, evolutionary, and geological condemnation (Rapport Regier, 1992), and such they exhibit chameleon-like properties that is, they might exist in a total of alternative forms, the particular war paint being very much influenced by internal dynamics and by interactions with neighboring systems (Holling, 1985 Rapport Regier, 1992). mind 4. Write a review of Section 3 (p-16 Towards an Ecosystem Health Model) what do we learn from this Section? What has author tried to communicate and how successful he has been to commu nicate? And also indicate the significance of this section related to this article, if you see any critique to this section then write it with a complete logic?The prosecution for grounds leads to quest for having health ecosystem. The author is saying that in the quest for a more comprehensive understanding of the process of ecosystem breakdown and recovery, he has come to think that humans are engaged in some form of ecosystem medicine (Rapport et al., 1979). He said that introducing the medical metaphor suggests that, like physicians, ecosystem practitioners are in need of systematic procedures by which to recognize illness, devise protocols to rule-in or rule-out possible causes, and prescribe treatment. (Rapport, 1992) (Paraphrasing made) When it comes to treatment, medicine suggests some(prenominal) options following internal medicine, ecosystems may be treated by regulating the blood chemistry of the system following surgery, ecosystems may be treated by wholesale physical and biological restructuring. The latter may involve two removal of undesirable elements and introduction (grafting) of desirable ecosystem components.I should hasten to add that we are concerned here with the application of scientific methodologies developed in medicine in order to assess the state of ecosystem health. In so doing I neither subscribes to the view that ecosystems can be conside carmine as organisms (for distinctly there are not not not not substantive differences in both the mechanisms and distributor point of integration as well as in the dynamics of these two systems) nor do I suggest. (Rapport, 1992) (Paraphrasing made)Question 5. Write a review of Section 4 (p-17 The indispensable nature of health assessments) what do we learn from this Section? What has author tried to communicate and how successful he has been to communicate? And also indicate the significance of this section related to this article, if you see any critique to this section then write it w ith a complete logic?Subjectivity is employed in assessing the ecosystem. The author is equating the subjective judgment used in health assessment as to what is being done in assessing the ecosystem. He said that clearly, in numerous cases, the diagnosis and treatment of sickness also uses gut feel or hunches in addition to the scientific way.. Inevitably, there enters a degree of subjectivity in evaluating the health status of an individual or an ecosystem. (Rapport, 1992) (Paraphrasing made) The author mentioned some ecosystem transformations that are made without recourse to societal values or limitations of scientific understanding and cited as example the demise of the forest downwind of a smelter. Nevertheless, he admits that more frequently social value-judgments and the limitations of science appear to mix as a form of art. The author gave as an example the conversion to plantations of radiata fade (Pinus radiata) of highly diversified indigenous forests in New Zea the th ree estates, where there are opposing view between conservationists and foresters. (Rapport, 1992) (Paraphrasing made)Question 6. Write a review of Section 5 (p-18 archean Warning Signs of Pathological Ecosystems) what do we learn from this Section? What has author tried to communicate and how successful he has been to communicate? And also indicate the significance of this section related to this article, if you see any critique to this section then write it with a complete logic? (This section should cover all sub sections of the main section, one by one)Early warning signs of pathological ecosystems have obstacles. The author mentioned three obstacles in providing early warning of ecosystem pathology and they areFirstly, introductory processes such as nutrient cycling and primary productivity, is highly cyclical and irregular, varying from year to year, seasonally and diurnally. Such variability and seemingly random behavior raises havoc with detection of the onset of much path ology that charge aquatic ecosystems. Secondly, early symptoms of ecosystem degradation may be befuddled or discovered only by and by pathology is well advanced. Thirdly, false alarms are easily sounded owing to a still far from adequate understanding of the long-term dynamic behavior of ecosystems.Ecosystems have common systems of degradation. Under section 5.1 on Health indicators at the ecosystem level, theauthor is discussing the identification of common symptoms of ecosystem degradation. These common symptoms are termed the ecosystem distress syndrome (Rapport et al., 1985) and characterize a large number of ecosystems under stresses of various types. The author citing Rapport, 1991, said that with reference to aquatic ecosystems, the ecosystem distress syndrome comprises the following symptoms (1) alteration in biotic community structure to favor smaller forms (2) reduced species diversity (3) increased dominance by r selected species (4) increased dominance by exotic speci es (5) shortened food-chain length (6) increased disease preponderance and (7) reduced population stability. (Rapport, 1992) (Paraphrasing made)Like human diseases, ecosystems have peril factors, too. Under section 5.2 on Ecosystem risk factors, the author supports the idea of identification of individuals at risk for certain types of diseases, as those found in coronary disease, which will shift mans attention from treating illness to cake. The author argues that using the same pattern of identifying risk in ecosystem, prevention of the ecosystems degradation could be prevented. (Rapport, 1992) (Paraphrasing made) He believes that this approach works best where a single dominant stress acts to transform ecosystems, such as may occur in the process of eutrophication or acidification of aquatic ecosystems. He said that much is known about the actions of these two stresses and the vulnerabilities of the receiving system aquatic systems (e.g., Minns et al., 1990). He then argued t hat combining the findings from case studies of impacts of such specific stresses on ecosystems with the knowledge of actual stress loadings and sensitivities of recipient ecosystems enables one to arrive at an ecosystem level risk assessment. (Rapport, 1992) (Paraphrasing made) He was able to cite the development of various factor analyses similar to the manner in which risks of coronary disease are now assessed in ecosystem health evaluations. He cited the work of Minns et al. (1990) who have examined the impact of acid precipitation on the neediness of fish species in vulnerable eastern Canadian lakes. (Rapport, 1992) (Paraphrasing made) With these studies the author is really looking forward for the prevention of ecosystems degradation.Validation of treatment for ecosystem is a problem, too. Under section 5.3 on Validation of treatment the author also talks of validation of treatment which is considered the bottom line for medical practitioners. This premised on the idea that once an illness has been diagnosed, the question turns squarely to the most effective treatment. Treatment validation provides a basis for pickax among alternative procedures. In applying the medical terminology to the ecosystem, the author said that success rates for a disposed(p) treatment cannot be evaluated without factoring out the influences of the other stress factors. He cited an example the evaluation of the enduringness of harvesting regulations on restoring seal populations in the Baltic Sea. He said that it is necessary to take into pecker impairments to seal reproductive success owing to the presence of PCBs and related toxic substances (Helle et al., 1976).Here, just as in human medicine, he said, we have the need to develop methodologies to factor out co-morbidities. He mentioned the need for a far better taxonomy of ecosystem ills than we presently have. He said that one currently may describe ecosystem pathologies in terms of air pollution damage to forests, eut rophication of aquatic systems, acidification of aquatic and terrestrial systems, etc. but he said that these are very rudimentary categories. He therefore suggested that for each of these classifications there are many a(prenominal) finer subdivisions which need to be categorized before one can readily compare case histories. (Rapport, 1992) (Paraphrasing made)Question 7. Write a review of Section 6 (p-21 covering on the state of environment from an ecosystem health perspective) what do we learn from this Section? What has author tried to communicate and how successful he has been to communicate? And also indicate the significance of this section related to this article, if you see any critique to this section then write it with a complete logic?Environment could be seen from the health of the ecosystems. The author is trying to make a picture of the environment on the basis of the status of the ecosystem. He cited Canada as having subdivided its land areas into 15 ecozones, defi ned on the basis of Physiographic, vegetation type, soils/surface materials, climate, and human use. He reported that the forests of most ecozones are impacted by a combination of natural and cultural stresses (particularly in the Montaine Cordillera, Boreal Shield, and Atlantic ocean ecozones).Included in the stresses is fire, insects and diseases, over-harvesting, conversion of forests to agriculture, construction of transportation and utility corridors, air pollution, and climate-induced stresses such as red belt and wind throw. He then cited the relationship of increase disease in ecosystems which are more stressed. (Rapport, 1992) (Paraphrasing made) The author also mentioned that the other sections of the 1986 Canadian State of Environment Report relate to aquatic ecosystems, both the Laurentian Great Lakes and other Inland Waters, as well as the three marine systems (Atlantic, Pacific and Northern). He also cited that the major stresses affecting these ecosystems include ove r-harvesting, construction of dams and diversions, contaminants (including toxic substances), and the purposeful or accidental introduction of exotic species (particularly in the Great Lakes and landlocked waters). Further, in all but the Northern marine ecosystems, land use change (particularly the drainage of wetlands for agricultural and recreational purposes) and sewage inflows added significant additional stress. (Rapport, 1992) (Paraphrasing made)Question 8. What do we understand from the Conclusions written on p-23, are they appropriate any critique any thing missed in conclusion any thing over emphasized.The simple conclusion could be done as shown below. We understand from the conclusion that ecosystem behavior under stress is complex and processes leading to degradation and recovery are only partially understood, nonetheless, ecosystem medicine is coming of age at least as a liable art. There therefore many challenges along the way. There also a combination of objective and subjective criteria is called into play in rendering judgments as to the health of ecosystems. Another thing that I did understand in the conclusion is that in talking about assessing the ecosystem from a point of view need not involve or borrow concepts from the medical sciences to understand the system but that the author argues that use of the metaphor suggests more systematic approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of ecosystem ills, underscores the importance of validation of remedial action interventions, and draws attention to the inherent subjective nature of health assessments. Further, the metaphor provides a language in which the concern for ecosystem health becomes a natural extension of the concern for individual healthThe conclusions drawn are appropriate and does not in any way insist that understanding how to manage the ecosystem be necessarily made reference to the medical science field. It could be made from different points of view and the advantage of using a field of study to develop out the issues via use of metaphor may contribute much to information campaign.Question 9. Is this article accommodative in planning and managing environment, if yes how? If no, why?What is the relevance of the article in planning and management of the environment? I believe this article is helpful in planning and managing environment. Different persons belong to different professions and different professions have their own languages. By using metaphor in medicine to discuss ecosystem and the environment, would be getting the component of the medical profession to understand the issues more clearly and to get their support for the cause of the environmentQuestion 10. Is the surname appropriate, if yes WHY? if no then suggest some other title, and also justify the title with a logical reasoning.How show the article be titled appropriately? The title evaluating ecosystem health seems not to include treatment on ecosystem treatment. Since it talks also of treatment the title could be modified as Evaluating and Maintaining the Ecosystems Health. By simply saying evaluating it the discussion on treatment should not have been part. savoir-faireBird, P. M. D. J. Rapport, 1986. State of the Environment Report for Canada. Ministry of Supply and Services.263 pp.Helle, E., M. Olsson S. Jensen, 1976. PCB levels correlated with pathological changes in seal uteri. Ambio 5 261263.Holling, C. S., 1985. resilience of ecosystems local surprise and global change. In T. F. Malone J. G. Roederer (eds), In Global Change, pp. 292317. Cambridge Univ.Press, Cambridge.Minns, C. K., J. E. Moore, D. W. Schindler M. L. Jones, 1990. Assessing the potential extent of damage to inland lakes in eastern Canada due to acidic deposition. 1V. Predicted impacts on species richness in seven groups of aquatic biota. Can. J. tip Aquat. Sci. 47 821830.Rapport, D. J., A. M. Friend, 1979. Towards a comprehensive framework for environmental statistics a stressrespo nse approach. Statist. Can., Ottawa.Rapport, D. J., H. A. Regier, 1992. Disturbance and stress effects on ecological systems. In B. C. Patten S. E.Rapport, D. J., 1991. Myths in the foundations of economics and ecology. Biol. J. Liimean Soc. 44 185202.Rapport, D. J., H. A. Regier T. C. Hutchinson, 1985. Ecosystem behaviour under stress. Amer. Natur. 125 617640.Rapport, D., (1992), Evaluating ecosystem health, ledger of Aquatic Ecosystem Health, M. Munawar (ed.), Assessing Aquatic Ecosystem Health Rationale, Challenges, and Strategies. KluwerAcademic Publishers. Printed in the NetherlandsRowe, J. S., 1961. The level of integration concept and ecology. Ecology 42(2) 420427.Rowe, J. S., 1989. Implications of the Brundtland Commission Report for Canadian forest management. Forestry

International marketing management Essay Example for Free

International marketing management EssaySelf- Reference Criterion 1. Define fuss or goals in terms of home-country ethnical traits, habits and norms 2. Define problem or goals in terms of abroad pagan traits, habits and norms 3. Isolate the SRC influence in the problem and examine it carefully to see how complicates the problem 4. Redefine the problem without the SRC influence and solve for the foreign marketSelf-reference criterion (SRC) as an unconscious reference to unitarys own cultural values, experiences and knowledge as a basis for decisions. The SRC impedes the ability to assess a foreign market in its true light. For example, Ameri set ups may perceive to a greater extent traditional societies to be backward and unmotivated because they fail to soak up new technologies or kind customs, seeking instead to preserve traditional values.In the 1960s, a supposedly well read Ameri quite a little psychology professor referred to Indias gloss of sick because, despite gr ievous food shortages, the Hindu religion did not allow the eating of cows. The psychologist expressed disgust that the cows were allowed to purge free in villages, although it turns out that they provided valuable functions by offering milk and fertilizing fields. Ethnocentrism is the tendency to view ones culture to be superior to others.The important thing here is to consider how these biases may puzzle in the way in dealing with members of other cultures. Self-reference criterion importance to a marketing sure planning to enter international markets for the first time. Importance of Self-reference criterion as a topic of interrogation Self-reference is a topic whose theoretical foundations earn so far primarily been studied in the circumstance of logic, the philosophy of language, systems theory, and post-modern culture.In computer science it has been a topic in the context of the recursively of Turing machines. In semiotics, on that point comport been only few studies w hich have dealt explicitly with this topic, although marginal reflections on self reference can occasionally be found in the context of the theory of reference. Levels and degrees of self-reference criterion Examples from advertising Just as signs may self-referentially refer to the world of signs, the media may refer to the world of the media in a self-referential manner.Citations, intertextuality, intermediality, met textual references, repetitions, recursions, and references to the communicative situation are whatever of the symptoms of self-reference in the media. Various degrees of self-reference must be distinguished, from the sign that refers to nothing alone itself to the sign that refers only partially to itself and partially still to something else. Furthermore, self reference occurs at different levels of the core in which it occurs.Beginning with the smallest elements of the message, the first three levels of self-reference are derived from Peirces trichotomy of the interpret ant 34 screaky (equivalent to the unit of a word), dicentic (equivalent to a proposition), and argumentative self-reference. In extension of this Peircean triad, textual, intertextual, intermedial and communicative self-reference ordain be distinguished. communicatory self-reference criterion Communicative self-reference pertains to pragmatics, the situation of text production and reception.The roles of the readers or the spectators and the enunciative roles of the authors, the producers, the actors or the players become the topic of the message. kind of of presenting or representing ideas or events in the world beyond the message, the text deals with its own communicative context, its communicative function, and its presuppositions. The text has thus its own pragmatic dimension as its topic. For example, the audience of a pullulate is reminded of the fact that it is combat-ready in the film while sitting in the film theatre.38 Peter Greeanways actors that measure ou t of their role as actors and mingle with the audience, or Alfred Hitchcock, who steps out of the role of a film producer to become an actor are further examples of communicative self-reference. B) International marketer must have knowledge of sub cultural groups Introduction Culture is concerned with social behaviour and attitudes, and this paper aims to highlight its significance for entry into foreign markets.Culture has been defined as the integrated sum total of well-educated behaviour traits that are manifest and shared by members of a beau monde. Cultural factors have been itemized in the existing literature, but clearly among the most important are customer beliefs and attitudes morality, ethics and religion social and consumption values language and literature social systems and social behaviour (especially the family) historical background humanistic discipline and aesthetics.Two authoritative studies have identified concepts of culture both as barriers to entry and as kinetic movers (Herkovits, 1970, Clutterbuck 1980). Furthermore, insufficient research attention has focused on defining more conceptual approaches to the internationalization of sell and there is an even greater paucity of research into strategies for retailer entry modes this is the main justification for this paper.In researching their approach to overseas markets, retailers must consider that culture can have an impact on their trade and promotion. The culture in which a person lives affects his/her consumption patterns and also the meaning that is attached to specific products. When promoting swop in a new culture, it is easier initially to appeal to existing culture requirements or expectations than to try to commute them.Merchandising and promotion must be sensitive to the basic values of the country and the differences in patterns of consumption. case Example (1) Entry into the Swiss Market In Switzerland, foreign dishwasher manufacturers and retailers expected the sam e speedy sales they had first obtained in other West European markets but sales in Switzerland were so slow that research had to be do to find out why (this research should, of course, should have been done before, not after, market entry).The research showed that the Swiss home guider had a different set of values to, for example, her french and English counterparts she was very conscious of her role as strict and hardworking, and her responsibility for the health of her family. To the Swiss housewife dishwashers simply made life easy, and this conflicted with her Calvinistic work ethic. As a result of this research, dishwasher manufacturers had to falsify their advertising promoting, instead of ease-and convenience, hygiene-and-health.They did this by emphasizing that because dishwashers used temperatures higher than hand hot the process was more hygienic than washing up by hand. Thereafter retailers had no problem selling automatic dishwashers in Switzerland. Source Author C ultures across countries High context culture the meaning of individual behaviour and talking to changes depending on the situation nonverbal messages are full of important meaning (Read between the lines) e. g.Saudi Arabia and Japan, scripted contracts are not always enforceable as new raft move into executive positions (Chile, Mexico) wretched context culture intentions are expressed verbally the situation does not change the meaning of lecture e. g. India, China, Australia, New Zealand Cultural Assessment International retailers need to communicate meaning through the transmission of messages to people of different cultures if they are to succeed in the promotion of their products to enter foreign markets.Misunderstandings caused by cultural differences can seriously damage the image of a firm or product therefore, in order to match the message transmitted is received in its correct form, the retailer needs to be completely certified of the implications of all the ele ments of the message in the foreign culture. Failure on behalf of the retailer to adapt to the intricacies of national customs and develop a rapport will lead to inadequate market entry strategies.Accurate communications are so vital that any risk of cultural misunderstanding needs to be eliminated. Firms must identify key management positions and insist that they are held, whenever possible, by someone of the same culture. Many firms make the mistake of putting nationals from the parent companies in charge of key positions within their foreign subsidiaries, often on the basis that fluency in the language is sufficient.In attempting to understand the most significant elements of the foreign culture, companies have to be vigilant and ensure a balance is maintained. There is no one method to invite in the evaluation of other cultures for retailing purposes as the nature of the goods being offered should govern the method of appraisal. The retailer must be sufficiently perceptive and guard against the over-exaggeration of the differences or the similarities between the foreign culture and its own.For example, in analyzing the United States market, a UK retailer may overemphasize a perceived parking lot culture stemming from the common language and close political and economic relations. A common language cannot indefinitely set the sealing wax on a common culture when the geographical, political and economic determinants of the culture are no thirster the same throughout its area. The withdrawal of Marks and Spencer from the Canadian market in 1999 is a case in point their precept was that the aforementioned perceived cultural affinity would facilitate acceptance of the St Michael brand get a line in short the common language or heritage does not guarantee a common culture. A further complication in determining the important facets of a countrys culture is the existence of more than one culture or sub-culture within many nations world-wide.Table 1 lists a f ew states with cultural differences based along linguistic groupings and the problems these present to the international retailer. A cultural assessment will reveal a modal pattern, but a truly useful evaluation will also expose considerable variations within a group or a subset group. In fact, for some cultural characteristics, there may be a wider range within a given society than between societies.For example, young professional 25-30 year olds in Spain, France and Italy may have more in common, in terms of values, tastes and aspirations, than with their non-professional compatriots of the same age group. A cultural evaluation can be either tranquil or dynamical. A static assessment serves only to identify the differences in variables between cultures, whereas a dynamic appraisal seeks to indicate which variables will change in the future, in what order and with what speed.For the international retailer, the identification of which changes would be readily accepted or rejected can mean the difference between mastery or failure. The analysis of a culture to ascertain the peculiarities of the population can be extremely expensive, time-consuming and unwieldy. Therefore, having conducted a rapid survey of key cultural elements of a nation, the international retailer with limited resources may lead to carry out a Partial Cultural Assessment which focuses on key elements fundamental to the success of its operations in any country.Table 2 shows several cultural factors, which could frustrate the progress of the operations in the event of a retailer failing to obtain accurate data from the assessment of the foreign markets if a single element is incorrectly assessed, the effectiveness of the strategies will be diminished.