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Question: Discuss About The Professional Practice In Impact Assessment? Answer: Introducation Australia being a highly multicultural society had always a high presence of the aboriginal people in various regions of the country. The ingenious Australians or the aboriginal people used to have vast existence in Australia prior to the period of British Colonization. Australia was considered as the land of aboriginals but there was difference that took place in Australia before and after the period of British Colonization. Due to Colonization, the aboriginal people was suffering from a threat of getting completely vanished away as there were economics number of changes that took place in the country which ere against the aboriginal people. The British Crown took possession of all the major land areas which were earlier sued and possesses by the people of these aboriginal people and the threats to their existence kept on rising in the period of colonization (Fitzpatrick, et al., 2017). There is a huge importance of land for the indigenous people as oppose to the white or non-indigenous people, there is another association of the aboriginal people with their lands as they are not only the lands that offers them employment but it is the key source of their spirituality as well as identity. As per the Foundation for Aboriginal and Islander Research Action, the aboriginal treat their land with utmost respect and importance as they are not merely some asset but are considered as their belief that they do not have a possession on the land but the land have a possession on them. Because of these aspects and spiritual beliefs attached with the land, the aboriginals are never ready to leave their lands (Anaya, 2004). The meaning of land for the non-indigenous and the indigenous people are different, Lands are the primary source of jobs for the aboriginal people and thus they are essential vital for them to take care of and have possession of the same. Because of the afterma ths i.e. dispossession, diseases and violence because of colonization in mid-1800s had resulted in a sudden and extreme decrease in the total population of the indigenous people. The colonization resulted in high cost of survival for eth aboriginal people and as a result they have to lose their independence, language, land, families and culture (Hamilton, 1990). Rather than giving adequate lifestyles and protection to the aboriginal people, these indigenous people were regarded as the wards of the state and policies were framing to marketing decisions whether these people have a right to live or not, whether they can marry or where they will be working. All such policies and negative impacts of colonization ruined and deteriorated the lives of the indigenous people in a complete manner (Langton, 2004). There was a full control of the lives of the aboriginal people and they were not allowed to perform any action or activity without prior permission from the Government. Because of the continuously increasing practices of colonization and framing of policies and practices, it became impossible for the aboriginal people to live a normal life as there remained a threat of one of another thing all the time (Gwynn, et al., 2015). Because of the colonization and several negative outcomes faced by the aboriginal people, the Government of Australia try to protect the aboriginal masses by governing them with the protection Act. In the beginning of the 20th Century, the various colonial authorities realized that there is an essential need to give protection to the indigenous population for easing the process of extinction and thus from there, there began the era of protection. But in the name of the protection, the masses were ruled by the authorities and there was left no kind of freedom with them to live, to follow their culture to do work. One of the key features of the act of protection was the establishment of the various reserves of government the portions of land which were assigned to the indigenous people to have their livelihood upon (Altman, 2001). The Christian missionaries were given power and authorities to have extensive control over the lives of the aboriginal people. The roles of gospel were misin terpreted with that of civilization and thus the missionaries found to be dominant upon the aboriginals instead of being serving and equal (McGregor, 1997). The aboriginal people were removed from their lands in a forcible manner and were made to live on the government reserves. In order to civilize the indigenous people, they were suppressing their heritage as well as the culture. And due to such forcible removal of the aboriginal people, the languages and culture of these people were robbed off and there was left no legal claims for their respective traditional lands (Gelder, 2015). By the period of 1911, each and every mainland territory and state had implemented the protection policies which subjected the aboriginal people to near full-control as well as restricted them to access the basic human rights comprising control over the property, custody of the children, freedom of labour, etc. (Barta, 1987). But due to continuously decreasing number of the aboriginal people as well as several issues raised in resect with their safety and security, there has been posed increasing emphasis upon the safety of the aboriginal people in past few years, and as a result there has been initiated several Government policies in respect with the safety of the aboriginal people and to eradicate any kind of negative implications of the business operations on the aboriginal people and sustainability of the environment (Smith, 2013). Current Position In the present scenario there are strict regulations as well as laws which have been framed for the protection of the aboriginal people as well s offering them security for their lands. According to Northern Territory National Emergency Response Act 2007, the aboriginal people have a complete right on their lands and no activities could take place in those assigned regions of the indigenous population. The businesses are also restricted to carry on any industrial activity in those particular zones. The aboriginal people have the right to give permission or not to have any activity on those lands (Vanclay, Baines and Taylor, 2013). There is another act i.e. Aboriginal Land Council Elections Act 2004, according to which the heritage and culture of the aboriginal people is required to be safe and secure from getting deteriorate and robbed off. For this, no business practices o other activities are allowed to perform which can impact or take away the heritage of these indigenous people. For the protection of the rights of the Torres Strait Islander and the aboriginal people, the Australian Government has also landed its support in the Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples which establish the minimum standards for the well-being, security, dignity and the survival of the aboriginal people (Short, 2016). The businesses are required to have certain norms and regulation which they are required to follow while performing business activities in order to maintain the safety and security of the aboriginal people. The businesses are required to have high level of respect and sensitivity while dealing with the aboriginal people and the communities. It is essential that the businesses must follow the culturally sensitive guidelines when they are dealing with the aboriginal individuals. Another important aspect towards the ethical and business responsibility which is required by the businesses to follow is to take use of the appropriate language (Colchester, 2016). There is not much difference in the language of aboriginal people but there is aboriginal English in which the people communicate. Thus, the businesses are also required to take care of those aspects while communicating. The other things comprise of making those people participate as well as do not undergo any kind of cultural biasn ess while transacting with those individuals. All these are the essential which are currently emphasize upon to respect the aboriginal people (William, 2015). Recommendations From the various analysis and understanding of the aspects of the importance of land to the aboriginal people, the pre and post situation of colonization for the indigenous people and the ethical and social responsibility of the businesses in respect with the aboriginal people and environment sustainability, following are the various recommendations for the businesses to maintain respect towards aboriginal people and consider about the sustainability of the environment: To have high social and ethical standards, it is recommended to the businesses that they must have job opportunities for the aboriginal people also so that the livelihood of these masses can also be improved. By offering the employment opportunities the businesses can participate in ethical sustainability and social justice (Bird, OGrady and Ulm, 2016). To maintain high level of environment sustainability it is recommended to the aboriginal people that they must not have any negative impact upon the environments sustainability as well as the lands of the aboriginal people. By maintaining eth standards and principles while business transaction, there can be attained high environment and ethical sustainability (Hanna, et al., 2014). The next recommendation for the businesses is to follow the protocol as well as the guidelines while communicating and must tale use of formal language so that the aboriginal individuals do not feel disrespectful. Therefore it is recommended to be conscious at the time of communicating with them (Bergstrm, et al., 2016). Referencses Altman, J. C. (2001). Sustainable development options on Aboriginal land: The hybrid economy in the twenty-first century. Anaya, S. 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InQuality of Human Resources: Gender and Indigenous Peoples(pp. 84-111). UNESCO-EOLSS. McGregor, R. (1997).Imagined destinies: Aboriginal Australians and the doomed race theory, 1880-1939. Melbourne University Press. Short, D. (2016).Reconciliation and colonial power: Indigenous rights in Australia. Routledge. Smith, L. T. (2013).Decolonizing methodologies: Research and indigenous peoples. Zed Books Ltd.. Vanclay, F., Baines, J. T., Taylor, C. N. (2013). Principles for ethical research involving humans: ethical professional practice in impact assessment Part I.Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal,31(4), 243-253. Williams, A. N., Mooney, S. D., Sisson, S. A., Marlon, J. (2015). Exploring the relationship between Aboriginal population indices and fire in Australia over the last 20,000 years.Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, psychology,432, 49-57.